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Notice that the sounded notes and fingerings are the same for both the F-sharp and G-flat major scales, only the names of the notes change. Oxo / oxx / xoo / oxo / xxo / oxo / xoo / oxo Here are the note names in the key of G-flat, Xxx / oxx / xoo / oxo / oxx / xoo / ooo / xxoĪnd then you’ll find that the G-flat major scale utilizes the same fingerings as the F-sharp major scale, also listed above. Here is the enharmonic information that you are missing, The D-flat major scale is achieved with the same fingerings that are provided above for the C-sharp major scale. The book and soundtracks are inexpensive considering that you will use them everyday for the rest of your trumpet playing career. James Thompson, Eastman School of Music) and is used by top players in their daily practice routine. The Buzzing Book was created by a master player AND teacher (Dr. James Thompson into my daily practice routine. Now, I always incorporate The Buzzing Book by Dr. When I first began it helped to unlock what had previously seemed to be a secret of trumpet playing. I believe that The Buzzing Book is a truly helpful method for tone and embouchure development. I’ve experienced every problem that young trumpet players encounter and I want you to know how I have overcome those obstacles that you are now facing. Trumpet Range, Endurance, and Tone QualityĪre you struggling to play above the staff? Do your lips feel brittle or unresponsive? I can help you. It is unofficially known as the trumpeter’s bible and should be part of every trumpet players resource library. Arban’s Complete Conservatory Method for Trumpet. If you want more information on practicing major and minor scales on the trumpet, make sure that you own J.B. More Helpful Information About Trumpet Scales and Fingerings Ooo / xox / xxo / xoo / ooo / xxo / oxo / ooo ( lower octave) For each note the valves are listed 1st, 2nd, and 3rd valve from left to right C Major Scale Trumpet Fingering Chart Key: the “o” characters stand for an open valve, while the “x” characters stand for a closed valve. Don’t waste your time on the easy scales, focus on the harder ones and put the time in! Learn how to play the major scale in every key on the trumpet, cornet, or flugelhorn Once you can play all the major scales up and back down from memory, then it’s time to try playing simple melodies like “Hot Cross Buns” or “Happy Birthday” in each key. Play each note in the scale first as a whole note, then as a half note, and then finally as quarter note before increasing the tempo. Keep time with a metronome.īang your trumpet’s valves down as firmly as you can without allowing the horn moving around on your face. I suggest a routine that includes practicing all 12 scale patterns up and down (slowly at first). Updated on Wednesday, January 3rd, 2018 at 10:12am PST Some of the people who entered America from Asia before the land bridge disappeared might have carried Old World pathogens (bacteria or viruses causing disease). The greatest weakness of New World peoples, however, proved to be their lack of resistance against Old World diseases. Some knew about the wheel, but since they had no horses, donkeys, mules, or oxen, they never developed wheeled vehicles. How did the Spanish and other Europeans so easily conquer America when huge numbers of potentially hostile people outnumbered them? Although they were superior farmers, the peoples of the New World lagged far behind the Spanish in technology. Early reports indicate that Hispaniola alone held a million Taino Indians. Possibly more people lived in the New World in 1492 than in Europe. Recent studies lean to the high end of this range. Why Did Europeans Conquer America So Easily?Įstimates of the population of the Western Hemisphere before Columbus generally range between 30 and 100 million people. Crosby called this global enterprise the “Columbian Exchange.” As a result, both the Old and New Worlds were changed. Thus, in 1493, Columbus began a process of swapping Old and New World plants and animals along with stowaway pests, weeds, and germs. Horses had actually originated in America, spread to the Eastern Hemisphere over the land bridge, and then became extinct in their homeland. In addition, he transported live pigs, cattle, chickens, sheep, goats, and horses, none of which lived in the New World. He brought seeds and cuttings for Old World vegetables, wheat, grapevines, sugarcane, and fruit trees. Of even greater long-term significance were the plants and animals that Columbus carried in the holds of his ships. He used this news as justification to take Taino slaves. Columbus discovered the Taino had killed all the men he had left at Navidad. On his second voyage in 1493, Columbus returned to America with 17 ships and 1,300 men, including several Catholic priests to convert the Taino to Christianity. Columbus declared at the end of his report that in the future he could bring the king and queen gold, spices, cotton, and slaves.Īt first, Columbus thought he had reached the Indies, islands off the southeast coast of Asia, and called the people he encountered “Indians.” In fact, Columbus had made a connection between the two hemispheres for the first time in 10,000 years. “They still think I come from heaven,” he wrote with amazement. He left about 40 of his men there and headed back to Spain with astounding news.Īboard ship, Columbus wrote a report of his discoveries: “I discovered a great many islands inhabited by people without number, and of them all I have taken possession on behalf of Their Highnesses.” He described strange trees, fruits, birds, and “beautiful thick soil.”Ĭolumbus described the Taino people as “very good looking,” but “unbelievably fearful.” They had no iron or steel and only bows and arrows for weapons. Columbus noted the Taino possessed small objects made of gold, which they mined on the island.Ĭolumbus established a settlement on Hispaniola, Villa de la Navidad, the first European outpost in America. The Spanish and Taino traded and enjoyed friendly relations. On Hispaniola, Columbus found the Taino, a people who grew crops he had never seen before, such as sweet potatoes, manioc, peanuts, and tobacco. Columbus explored several nearby islands, including a large one the Spanish called Hispaniola, shared today by Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The two hemispheres took separate biological and cultural paths.Ĭhristopher Columbus, an Italian sailing for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, landed his three ships on an island in the Caribbean in 1492. They could have traveled by foot across a land bridge, by small boats along the bridge coastline, or by both methods.Ībout 10,000 years ago, the sea level rose, submerging the land connection between the two hemispheres. Humans from Asia probably first entered the Western Hemisphere between 20,000 and 30,000 years ago. The resulting swap of Old and New World germs, animals, plants, peoples, and cultures has been called the “Columbian Exchange.” In 1492, Columbus brought the Eastern and Western Hemispheres back together. Are We Headed for a “Sixth Mass Extinction”? | The Columbian Exchange | What Caused Egypt’s Old Kingdom to Collapse? It prevents him from performing adequately in a candidate ritual - the campaign debate - that has long been associated, correctly or not, with electability and effectiveness in Congress. Nobody questions whether those injuries have an impact on their ability to serve in Congress.īut Fetterman’s disability is different. DAN CRENSHAW is sightless in one eye or that Sen. That demographic is perhaps the least likely to be following the Fetterman ableism debate on Twitter and MSNBC.Ī casual voter tuning in Tuesday night might have known Fetterman had suffered a stroke, but that voter would have to have been following the race pretty closely to know that his struggles with speech reflected a common “auditory processing disorder,” in his doctor’s words, and not a deeper neurological infirmity. The median voter in Pennsylvania is a middle-aged white person with a mid-five-figure salary who did not attend college. BUSH’s impatient glance at his watch and AL GORE’s annoying sighs and DONALD TRUMP’s manic interruptions more than anything any of them said. We all remember RICHARD NIXON’s suspicious stubble and GEORGE H.W. If there’s one thing everyone knows about campaign debates, it’s how superficial they are. Many are myopic, distracted, and quick to make judgments with limited information. WILL IT MATTER? - Voters are not doctors. “We believe if we win Pennsylvania, we win the majority,” STEVEN LAW, who runs the most important Senate GOP super PAC, told POLITICO Tuesday.Īnd then Fetterman failed to meet even the low expectations his own campaign set for him Monday in a memo that predicted “awkward pauses, missing some words, and mushing other words together” as well as “temporary miscommunications at times.” Republicans just decided to pour an additional $6 million into Pennsylvania to help Oz. The conventional wisdom over the summer was that Oz was a deeply flawed candidate who couldn’t win, but the race is a toss-up. Control of the Senate, and the future of policymaking in Washington, may hinge on the outcome of the Fetterman-Oz race. THE STAKES - We don’t usually dwell on a single debate in a single race, but this one is different. Let’s state the obvious: JOHN FETTERMAN struggled to effectively communicate during his one and only Senate debate with MEHMET OZ Tuesday in Harrisburg. John Fetterman takes part in a campaign event in York, Pa., on Saturday, Oct. On 2 September 1967, the fort was occupied by Major Paddy Roy Bates, a British subject and pirate radio broadcaster, who ejected a competing group of pirate broadcasters. Roughs Tower was occupied in February and August 1965 by Jack Moore and his daughter Jane, squatting on behalf of the pirate station Wonderful Radio London. The fort was towed to a position above the Rough Sands sandbar, where its base was deliberately flooded to sink it on its final resting place. It consisted of a floating pontoon base with a superstructure of two hollow towers joined by a deck upon which other structures could be added. In 1943, during World War II, HM Fort Roughs (sometimes called Roughs Tower) was constructed by the United Kingdom as one of the Maunsell Forts, primarily to defend the vital shipping lanes in nearby estuaries against Nazi Kriegsmarine mine-laying aircraft. Michael lives in Suffolk, where he and his sons run a family fishing business called Fruits of the Sea. Bates died in October 2012 at the age of 91. They have no territorial sea of their own, and their presence does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf.” Since 1987, Sealand has lain within the United Kingdom’s territorial waters.īates moved to the mainland when he became elderly, naming his son, Michael, as regent. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in force since 1994 states: “Artificial islands, installations and structures do not possess the status of islands. While it has been described as the world’s smallest country, Sealand is not officially recognised by any established sovereign state in spite of Sealand’s government’s claim that it has been de facto recognised by the United Kingdom and Germany. He attempted to establish Sealand as a nation state in 1975 with the writing of a national constitution and establishment of other national symbols. Since 1967, the decommissioned HM Fort Roughs has been occupied by the family and associates of Paddy Roy Bates, who claim that it is an independent sovereign state.īates seized it from a group of pirate radio broadcasters in 1967 with the intention of setting up his own station at the site. Roughs Tower is a disused Maunsell Sea Fort, originally called HM Fort Roughs, built as an anti-aircraft gun platform by the British during World War II. The Principality of Sealand is a micronation that claims Roughs Tower, an offshore platform in the North Sea approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) off the coast of Suffolk, as its territory. |